S&P warns ETH spot ETF could increase Ethereum centralization risk

Global credit rating agency Standard & Poor's (S&P) warned in a report that "the approval of an ETH spot ETF could increase the centralization risk of the Ethereum network". "A U.S. ETH spot ETF could accelerate the centralization of validators on the Ethereum network. Therefore, it's important to examine whether the choice of the ETF issuer creates this risk. Currently, the largest Ethereum validator is the liquidity staking protocol Litecoin (LDO), followed by Coinbase. However, ETF issuers can choose a decentralized protocol such as Rideo as their ETH custodian, or they can choose multiple institutional-grade cryptocurrency custodians. Unlike the former, the latter is positive in that it mitigates centralization risk within the network, meaning that the centralization risk of ETH Spot ETFs is likely to be highly dependent on the issuer's choice." As JPMorgan also noted in its report, "Centralization by any entity or protocol can create a single point of failure for a liquidity provider or node operator. In particular, they may become targets of attack or collude with other actors to pursue their own interests."